Madjal Corpus

Madjal:
A Non-Constructed Language
Born of Linguistic Chaos and Anarchy
Updated Aug 8, 2004

An Invitation to Anarchy

I remember back in the 1950's when I first tried to learn Esperanto, what I noticed more than anything else were all the things that were "wrong" with the language; things I felt compelled to "fix". The problem was, and still is, that the only way to "fix" an "imperfect" language like Esperanto is to break away from the Esperanto community and create yet another splinter group that has little hope of surviving, let alone exerting any influence on the language. There always remain the "authorities" who dictate what the "pure and correct" form of the language shall be. But to cast a language in stone, to dictate its form from a central authority, is to condemn that language to stagnation.

Natural languages are born in chaos and thrive in linguistic anarchy. The most vibrant and expressive languages are those which are tolerant of the greatest diversity and have the greatest disdain for linguistic authority. The present experimental "constructed language" called Madjal is meant to be created in an environment free from any ruling authority and with the maximum survivable level of chaos and anarchy. It is hoped that in this environment of tolerant madness, a novel new "constructed" language can be born and grown to maturity without the straight jackets of plan or design.

The Rules of Madjal

The only rule of Madjal is that there are no written grammatical rules. All that is known about Madjal grammar and vocabulary is found in the corpus which includes almost everything that has ever been written in the language. To learn how a particular thing is said in Madjal, either find a similar example in the corpus, or "discover" a new example and submit it to the corpus.

There is no authority other than the corpus itself. If you want to change something about the language, then submit some sample sentences to the corpus. If you would like to see a certain word added to the language there is nobody that needs to be persuaded or convinced. You simply submit a sentence or two that use that word to the corpus. If there is a particular grammatical principle you would like to see become a part of Madjal there is no committee to be swayed or governing body to be lobbied. You simply submit examples of that grammatical usage to the corpus. If other users of Madjal pick up your inovation then it will survive. If others find a different usage to their liking then that other usage will survive.

"Proper" Madjal is whatever is being written into the corpus today, by any contributor.

The Madjal Alphabet

Whatever letters appear in the text of the corpus are letters in the Madjal alphabet. Whatever letters do not appear in the corpus may or may not be part of the Madjal alphabet. It may simply be that examples using the missing letters have yet to be discovered and contribute to the corpus.

Madjal Pronunciation

Like everything else connected with Madjal, there are no standards, and as a practical matter there is no "authoritative" pronunciation of Madjal. Madjal speakers from different parts of the world will tend to speak the language with their own distinctive accent. Within reason, mutual comprehension is still possible even with considerable variation from region to region. As a general rule, however, words are stressed on the penultimate syllable.

Discovering and Contributing

In writing contributions to the Madjal corpus you may either follow the examples in the corpus and write sentences which are consistent with those examples, or you may "discover" new forms and structures. You may use existing words from the lexicon or you may "discover" new words. If you need to form a plural that has not been seen before, or express a verb in a tense in which it has never appeared in the corpus then you must "discover" how that is expressed in Madjal.

If you discover a new word or grammatical principle that you would like to add to the language you simply construct a sentence or two using that word or grammatical principle. The submission should include the sentence in Madjal and the translation or transliteration of that sentence into English. Submission can be made on the conlang mailing list or by mailing the submission, along with the name of the Madjal scholar to be credited with the discovery to the madjal corpus care of fiziwig@yahoo.com.

Every sentence submitted will be added to the corpus. Whether the new words or grammatical principles submitted remain a part of Modern Madjal, or whether they fall into disuse and end up as a part of Ancient Madjal will depend entirely on how often those words and grammatical principles are used in new corpus entires. Principles and words that are popular will remain a part of Modern Madjal.

What you may not submit is a written grammar rule or an explanation of some grammatical principle. There is no place for written rules in Madjal. If you wish to create a new rule, do so by submitting examples of that rule in actual use.

The Organization of the Corpus and Lexicon

The corpus is divided into three sections according to their age. The oldest two sections, Ancient Madjal and Old Madjal each represent one quarter of the span of time since the dawn of Madjal history which is traditionally marked as June 30, 2004 A.D. The newest half of the historical period constitutes Modern Madjal. Vocabulary and usage from Ancient or old Madjal that is still considered current will also appear in the Modern Madjal section.

The corpus is simply a collection of sentences, each of which is marked with the date that sentence was first discovered so that each sentence may be properly classified as to its age. Translations into English are given either in square brackets or not in brackets. Those in brackets are word-for-word transliterations retaining the same word order and number of words as the original Madjal while those not in brackets are free-form transaltions into "proper English".. Note the difference in these two translations:

Vamar hu quisan hadibi eswa. - [Farmer which/who horse did-he-have did-exist.] 40723 [1]
Vamar hu quisan hadibi eswa. - There once was a farmer who had a horse. 40723 [1]

Translations of each type will be found in the corpus depending on how the originator of the sentence submitted it.

Each sentence is also accompanied by the reference number of the Madjal scholar who discovered that sentence. The current list of Madjal scholars includes:

Gary Shannon
Andrew W Soukup
Roger Mills
David Peterson
Sally Caves
"Wiwaxia NA"

Each entry in the lexicon is followed by selected examples from the lexicon that illustrate the usage of that word.

In addition to the lexicon there is a raw concordance which catalogs every word in both English and Madjal present in the corpus, including the sentence in which each occurs.

The Organization of Syntactical Examples

Selected sentences from the corpus are used to illustrate various structures in the language. Each section is titled with the general nature of the examples found in that section such as "Forming Plurals" or "Verb Tenses."

Madjal Numbers

Separate from the corpus is the Madjal system of numbers which was inherited whole from a still more ancient language, Tazhi.

A brief example of Modern Madjal (as the language exists as of Aug. 8, 2004)

Velus me Quisan [(the) Fox and (the) Horse]
Uz saken t'Questia Grimm [From stories of-Brothers Grimm]

Vamar hu quisan hadibi eswa. There was a farmer who had a horse
Quisan aki lobitu plusku pin yalifu koi vamar biswati. that had been an excellent faithful servant to him:
Sinche, quisan ubiarku zeno niabliterfin biscuwati. but he was now grown too old to work;
Quede, nitiamus pochem atis tonowabi. so the farmer would give him nothing more to eat,
Sinche, vamar so paluwabi; "nitiamus doyo tesibi." and said, "I want you no longer,"
"Balnatu tamiu teparnayo." "so take yourself off out of my stable;"
"Stobe gonjada peliro biscunuyo toche lefu doyo tesinubi." "I shall not take you back again until you are stronger than a lion.'
Sinche, purata em vamar boluswabi mekhi quisan osakwabi. Then he opened the door and turned him adrift.

Quisan nidunamus, tolomus mazau, abula blazaki me blazako benatre polesta antrediti quen fertiamo djivaz, lofisa me shakia dreas vealwati. The poor horse was very melancholy, and wandered up and down in the wood, seeking some little shelter from the cold wind and rain.

Sendara, velus demaditi, Presently a fox met him:
tium so paluwati; 'Trusila, pwako feum'nago?" "What's the matter, my friend?" said he,

Syntactical Examples

Forming possesives - There are at least three different ways found in the corpus for forming a possesive. For example, "my horse" can apparently be written "quisan'ha", "quisan ta'ha", and "quisan tamiu".

Selad ako e kwesta ta'ha. == That boy is not my brother. 40702 [1]
Mugi'najo khiaki sed mwana'najo e. == His mother is here but his sister is not. 40703 [1]
"Balnatu tamiu teparniamo." == ["Stable of-mine you-now-leave."] 40723 [1]
Ha ut kwesta'ha kanida, 'Rekazan poria nasula!' == I shout to my brother, 'Behold the blue flower!' 40703 [1]

Madjal to English Lexicon
(Including examples of usage.)

For the most up-to-date listing of Madjal words consult the complete concordance. Words in this lexicon are entered manually and it may take me a while to get caught up to the newest contributions.

Note: Words are added to the lexicon only when they have occured in enough sentences in the corpus so that some general sense of their meaning can be infered from more than one context. Words not listed in the lexicon are still listed inthe raw concordances, however, so that references to them may be found.

abula - upon (used in reference to a location)

Quisan nidunamus, tolomus mazau, abula blazaki me blazako benatre polesta antrediti quen fertiamo djivaz, lofisa me shakia dreas vealwati. == [Horse that-was-unfortunate, that-was-melancholy much, upon this-place and that-place within the-wood it-did-wander for-purpose shelter-from cold, wind, and rain attempt it-did-find.] 40729 [1]

æra / æru / aera / aeru - to want, desire, wish to have (conjugation unknown)

Igen æra akia? == Do I want this? 40703 [2]
Igen æru akia. == I want this. 40703 [2]

aki - this, this one, this thing (pl: akia)

Quisan aki lobitu plusku me yalifu koi vamar biswati. == [This horse, servant good and loyal for farmer did-it-be.] 40723 [1]
Selam aki mwana ta'ha. == [This girl (is) sister of-me.] 40702 [1]
Rekazan terano aki. == [Behold/look-at this monster.] 40702 [1]
Aki mwana ta'ha selam em pesh? == "Is this girl my sister?" 40703 [5]
Selam aki mwane ta'ha? == "Is this girl my sister?" 40703 [2]
Kaipa wayu aki? == "What kind of cheese is this? "40704 [1]
Kupana wayu aki? == "What kind of soup is this?" 40704 [1]
Igen æru akia. == "I want these (things)." 40703 [2]

ako - that, that thing

Selad ako e kwesta ta'ha. == That boy is not my brother. 40702 [1]
Rekazan temin ako. ==- Behold/look-at that demon. 40702 [1]
Terano wayu ako? == What kind of monster is that? 40704 [1]
Natu tamiu aki es, tadju ako es. == My house is here, yours is there. 40723 [1]

antre~ - to wander

antrediti - it did wander
Quisan nidunamus, tolomus mazau, abula blazaki me blazako benatre polesta antrediti quen fertiamo djivaz, lofisa me shakia dreas vealwati. == [Horse that-was-unfortunate, that-was-melancholy much, upon this-place and that-place within the-wood it-did-wander for-purpose shelter-from cold, wind, and rain attempt it-did-find.] 40729 [1]

arku - old, aged (see ubiarku)

atis - to it

Quede, nitiamus pochem atis tonowabi. == [Thus, nevermore food to-it did-he-give.] 40723 [1]

av - from, out of (in the sense of "made from", "made out of", but not point of origin as "from the country".)

Blepha av phazaks aki sta gordam! == Mushroom from this goat transform! (Turn this goat into a mushroom!) 40710 [6]
Khafra aki sta terano av gordam! == Dinosaur from this palm tree transform! (Turn this palm tree into a dinosaur!) 40710 [6]

avi - (?)

Pupo aki em avi vazubi zone. == The man always drives this bus. 40730 [6]
Shasha enda avi nezwabi. == The man slept in the water. 40730 [6]

bal - animal, usually domestic animal (pl: unknown)

Rekaziam bal ako! == Look at that animal! 40723 [1]

balnatu - stable, housing for domestic animals (pl: unknown)

'Balnatu tamiu teparniamo.' == ['Stable of-mine you-now-leave.'] 40723 [1]

benatre - within

Quisan nidunamus, tolomus mazau, abula blazaki me blazako benatre polesta antrediti quen fertiamo djivaz, lofisa me shakia dreas vealwati. == [Horse that-was-unfortunate, that-was-melancholy much, upon this-place and that-place within the-wood it-did-wander for-purpose shelter-from cold, wind, and rain attempt it-did-find.] 40729 [1]

bis~ / biscu~ - to be / to become (as in state or condition, not in the sense of "to exist")

yalifu bisti - it is loyal
yalifu bisnuyo - you shall be loyal
Quisan aki lobitu plusku me yalifu koi vamar biswati. [Horse this, servant good and loyal for farmer did-it-be.] 40723 [1]
Sinche, quisan ubiarku zeno niabliterfin biscuwati. [Then-alas, horse very-old so cannot-work did-it-become.] 40723 [1]

blazaki - this place

Quisan nidunamus, tolomus mazau, abula blazaki me blazako benatre polesta antrediti quen fertiamo djivaz, lofisa me shakia dreas vealwati. == [Horse that-was-unfortunate, that-was-melancholy much, upon this-place and that-place within the-wood it-did-wander for-purpose shelter-from cold, wind, and rain attempt it-did-find.] 40729 [1]

blazako - that place

Quisan nidunamus, tolomus mazau, abula blazaki me blazako benatre polesta antrediti quen fertiamo djivaz, lofisa me shakia dreas vealwati. == [Horse that-was-unfortunate, that-was-melancholy much, upon this-place and that-place within the-wood it-did-wander for-purpose shelter-from cold, wind, and rain attempt it-did-find.] 40729 [1]

blen - nothing, nothingness

Blen sta blepha staro! == Produce a mushroom out of nothing! 40710 [6]
Ulam ta'ha sta blen av gordam! == Turn my sheep into nothing! 40710 [6]

blepha - mushroom (pl: unknown)

Blepha av phazaks aki sta gordam! == Turn this goat into a mushroom! 40710 [6]
Phazaks aki sta blepha av gordam! == Turn this goat into a mushroom! 40710 [6]

bokoks - truck (lorry) (pl: unknown, possibly bokoksen or bokoksi)

Bokoks vazuyo. == You drive a truck. 40730 [6]

bolusam - to open (conj: unknown)

Purata bolusam! == Door open! 40630 [1]
Purata khi bolusam. == The door opened. 40630 [1]

bushaz - shirt (pl: unknown, possibly bushazen or bushazi)

Bushaz em Jon tatabi. == John wears a shirt. 40729 [6]

clocus - stone, rock, pebble (pl: unknown)

Kupana t'clocus unsa ekhi voriam. == We cannot eat stone soup. 40704 [1]
Clocus reviam! == Stone arise/levitate! 40630 [1]

dema~ - to meet, join with

demaditi- it did meet
Sendara, velus demaditi, == [soon, fox it-did-met,] 40729 [1]

disavan - to kill, slay (conj: unknown)

Oha disavan turaca sor okhi voriam i ulama ta'Jon. == I have killed the dragon that ate John's sheep (plural). 40703 [2]
Turaco ha disavan. == I slayed the dragon. 40701 [1]

distari / distaro - destroy, cease to exist (conj: unknown)

Temin okhi thatta Jone distari sor thatta Marie fureviaman sor. == The demon that was destroyed by John was resurrected by Mary. 40701 [4]
Temin distari! == Beast/monster cease-to-exist! 40630 [1]
Ulam khi distari. == The sheep stopped being. 40703 [2]
Ulam khi distaro? == Did the sheep stop being. 40703 [2]

djego - shoe (pl: djegi)

Djegi em Mari tatazi. == Mary wears shoes. 40729 [6]
Lin ona djego em mokhagio tatati. == The ammonite wears only one shoe. 40729 [6]

doyo - you

'Stobe gonjada peliro biscunuyo toche lefu doyo tesinumi.' == ['When strong-as lion you-shall-become then again you I-shall-want.'] 40723 [1]
Sinche, vamar so paluwabi; 'nitiamus doyo tesimi.' == [Then-alas, farmer thusly did-he-speak; 'nevermore you do-I-want.'] 40723 [1]

e - not

E shakiam. == It is not raining. 40703 [1]
Selad ako e kwesta ta'ha. == That boy is not my brother. 40702 [1]
Staro e terano! == Do not produce (manefest/materialize) a dinosaur! 40710 [6]
Mugi'najo khiaki sed mwana'najo e. == His mother is here but his sister is not. 40703 [1]

ekhi - not able (see niabli)

Kupana t'clocus unsa ekhi voriam. == We cannot eat stone soup. 40704 [1]

em - by, through the agency of (also unknown meaning in some question sentences.)

Aki mwana ta'ha selam em pesh? == Is this girl my sister? 40703 [5] (unknown meaning in this context)
Fadjo em Jan khi pulam. == The torch by John was lit. 40702 [5]
Marja em temin im khi shokhasta. == Mary was frightened by the demons. 40703 [5]
Mwana ta'ha selam aki em pesh? == Is this girl my sister? 40703 [1] (unknown meaning in this context)
Shasha em selam khi kwafan sed myuju em selad khi kwafan. == Water was drunk by the girl but milk was drunk by the boy. 40702 [1]
Temin em Marja khi shostakha. == The demon was frightened by Mary. 40702 [5]

enda - in, within

Enda skolariu ti vealdizi. == [In (the) (public)library it did-she-find.] 40723 [1]

es~ - to exist

eswa - it did exist, there was
es - it / they are
esazi - she is
Vamar hu quisan hadibi eswa. == [Farmer which/who horse did-he-have did-exist.] 40723 [1]
(There was a farmer who had a horse.)
Akio skolas tamiu es. == [Those books of-mine are.](Those are my books.) 40723 [1]
Mwana aki selam tamiu esazi peshu? == [Girl this sister of-mine she-is query?] Is this girl my sister? 40723 [1]

fadja / fadjo - torch (pl: various plural forms)

Fadja igan khi rekazan. == I see the torch. 40704 [1]
Jon khi pulam fadja. == John ignited the torch 40630 [2]
Jon khi pulam i fadja. == John ignited the torches. 40703 [2]
Jon khi pulem fadja? == Did John ignite the torch. 40703 [2]
Djokhane pen fadjo khi pulam. == John ignited the torch 40630 [3]
Fadjo em Jan khi pulam. == The torch by John was lit. 40702 [5]
Fadjo mem Jan khi pulam. == John ignited the torches. 40703 [5]
Fadjo pulam! == Torch (I command thee to) ignite! 40630 [1]
Fadjo puliamo! == Light the torch. 40723 [1]
Fadjo puliti peshu? == Is the torch lit? 40723 [1]
Fadjo pulnuyo peshu? == Will you light the torch? 40723 [1]

fureviaman - to ressurect (conj: unknown)

Temin okhi thatta Jone distari sor thatta Marie fureviaman sor. == The demon that was destroyed by John was resurrected by Mary. 40701 [4]
Turaco ha fureviaman. == I resurrected the dragon. 40701 [1]

gaudio - window (pl: unknown)

Gaudio kashadi! == Window (I command thee to) shatter! 40630 [1]

gonjada - to have the strength of (conj: unknown)

'Stobe gonjada peliro biscunuyo toche lefu doyo tesinumi.' == ['When strong-as lion you-shall-become then again you I-shall-want.'] 40723 [1]

gordam - to transform (as in turning one thing into another) (conj: unknown)

Blepha av phazaks aki sta gordam! == Turn this goat into a mushroom! 40710 [6]
Khafra aki sta terano av gordam! == Turn this palm tree into a dinosaur! 40710 [6]
Kobi av khafra sta gordam! == Turn the palm tree into a boy! 40710 [6]

ha - me, I (Not to be confused with ha~.) Suffixed to a noun with an apostrophe indicates possive. See also arch: igen.

Aki mwana ta'ha selam em pesh? == Is this girl my sister? 40703 [5]
Ha pen kwasium karkam. == I scared the horse. 40701 [1]
Ha ut kwesta ta'ha sisima, 'Rekazan turaco ulana!' == I whisper to my brother, 'Behold the red dragon!' 40703 [1]
Mwana'ha me questa'ha khiaki. == My sister and brother are here. 40703 [1]
Mwana ta'ha selam aki em pesh? == Is this girl my sister? 40703 [1]
Turaco ha disavan. == I slayed the dragon. 40701 [1]
Ulam ta'ha sta blen av gordam! == Turn my sheep into nothing! 40710 [6]
Selad ako e kwesta ta'ha. == That boy is not my brother. 40702 [1]
Selam aki mwana ta'ha. == This girl is my sister. 40702 [1]
Selam aki mwana'ha. == This girl is my sister. 40725 [1]
Selam aki mwane ta'ha. == Is this girl my sister? 40703 [2]

ha~ - have, own, posses

hadibi - he has (owns)
hanumi - I shall have (own)
hanuyo - You will have (own)
Vamar hu quisan hadibi eswa. == [Farmer which/who horse did-he-have did-exist.] 40723 [1]

hu - which, who

Vamar hu quisan hadibi eswa. == [Farmer which/who horse did-he-have did-exist.] 40723 [1]
(There was a farmer who had a horse.)

i - the, definite article. It's use is optional in most cases.

I qasium khi rufito. == The horses ran away. 40703 [2]
Jon khi pulam i fadja. == John ignited the torches. 40703 [2]
Mari khi me i temina. == Mary frightened the demons. 40703 [2]
Oha disavan turaca sor okhi voriam i ulama ta'Jon. == I have killed the dragon that ate John's sheep (plural).(... the sheep of John.) 40703 [2]

igen - I, me (arch. See also ha.)

Igen æra akia? == Do I want this? 40703 [2]
Igen æru akia. == I want this. 40703 [2]

im - he, it, they. Only used in certain sentence structures to relate a noun to a verb. Usually not translated into English.

Temin im khi pulam. == The demons were ignited. [Demons they were ignited.] 40703 [5]
Marja em temin im khi shokhasta. == Mary was frightened by the demons. 40703 [5]

imkusa - wet

Shasha imkusa, korbun imlago. == Water is wet, sand is dry. 40702 [1]

imlago - dry

Shasha imkusa, korbun imlago. == Water is wet, sand is dry. 40702 [1]

Kaipa - cheese (pl: unknown)

Kaipa tupio unsa khi whali voriam. == We like to eat green cheese. 40704 [1]
Kaipa wayu aki? == What kind of cheese is this? 40704 [1]
Oriam 'kaipa.' == Say 'cheese.' 40704 [1]

kanida - to shout (conj: unknown)

Ha ut kwesta'ha kanida, 'Rekazan poria nasula!' == I shout to my brother, 'Behold the blue flower!' 40703 [1]

koi - to, for (in the service of)

Quisan aki lobitu plusku me yalifu koi vamar biswati. == [Horse this, servant good and loyal for farmer did-it-be.] 40723 [1]

lobitu - servant (pl: unknown)

Quisan aki lobitu plusku me yalifu koi vamar biswati. == [Horse this, servant good and loyal for farmer did-it-be.] 40723 [1]

me - and, also

Velus me Quisan == [(The) fox and (the) horse] 40723 [1]
Quisan aki lobitu plusku me yalifu koi vamar biswati. == [Horse this, servant good and loyal for farmer did-it-be.] 40723 [1]
Mwana'ha me questa'ha khiaki. == My sister and brother are here. 40703 [1]

ni- - prefix: un-, not (As in "unable", but not "to reverse" as in "undo" or "untie")

niabli- - prefix: unable. Also used as stand alone word. (see ekhi)

niabliterfin - unable to work (niabli + terfin)

Sinche, quisan ubiarku zeno niabliterfin biscuwati. == [Then-alas, horse very-old so cannot-work did-it-become.] 40723 [1]

nitiamus - nevermore, not again (ni + tiamus)

Quede, nitiamus pochem atis tonowabi. == [Thus, nevermore food to-it did-he-give.] 40723 [1]

plusku - good, servicable

Quisan aki lobitu plusku me yalifu koi vamar biswati. == [Horse this, servant good and loyal for farmer did-it-be.] 40723 [1]

pochem - food

Quede, nitiamus pochem atis tonowabi. == [Thus, nevermore food to-it did-he-give.] 40723 [1]

quede - thus, therefore

Quede, nitiamus pochem atis tonowabi. == [Thus, nevermore food to-it did-he-give.] 40723 [1]

questa - brother (pl: questia)

Uz saken t'Questia Grimm == [From stories of-Brothers Grimm] 40723 [1]
Mwana'ha me questa'ha khiaki. == [My-sister and my-brother are-here.] 40703 [1]

quisan - horse (pl: quisani) (also arch: qasium, quasium, kwasium)

Vamar hu quisan hadibi eswa. == [Farmer which horse did-he-have did-exist.] 40723 [1]
arch: Kwasium to temin karkaman sor. == The horse was frightened by the demon. 40701 [1]
arch: Qasium khi rufitu? == Did the horse run away? 40703 [2]

sake - tale, story, saga (pl: saken)

Uz saken t'Questia Grimm == [From (the) stories of-Brothers Grimm] 40723 [1]

sinche - then alas, then sadly

Sinche, quisan ubiarku zeno niabliterfin biscuwati. == [Then-alas, horse very-old so cannot-work did-it-become.] 40723 [1]
Sinche, vamar so paluwabi; "nitiamus doyo tesimi." == [Then-alas, farmer thusly did-he-speak; "nevermore you do-I-want."] 40723 [1]

skola - book (pl: skolas)

Skola aki osa skolaru tamiu eswa. == This book was from my (own personal) library. 40723 [1]
Akio skolas tamiu es. == [Those books of-mine are.](Those are my books.) 40723 [1]

skolariu / skolaru - library (public / private) (skola + riu / ru)

Enda skolariu ti vealdizi. == She found it in the public library. 40723 [1]
Skola aki osa skolaru tamiu eswa. == This book was from my (own personal) library. 40723 [1]

ta'ha - of mine (archaic) see the more modern tamiu.

tamiu - my, of mine (also see arch: ta'ha)

Skola aki osa skolaru tamiu eswa. == This book was from my (own personal) library. 40723 [1]
Akio skolas tamiu es. == [Those books of-mine are.](Those are my books.) 40723 [1]

tesi~ - want, desire, wish to have

tesimi - I do want, I want
tesinumi - I will want, I shall desire
tesiwati - it did want, it wanted
tesibi - he wants
tesiyo - you want
Sinche, vamar so paluwabi; "nitiamus doyo tesimi." - [Then-alas, farmer thusly did-he-speak; "nevermore you do-I-want."] 40723 [1]
"Stobe gonjada peliro biscunuyo toche lefu doyo tesinumi." == ["When strong-as lion you-shall-become then again you I-shall-want."] 40723 [1]

ubiarku - very old, ancient (orig: ubi + arku. see arku)

Sinche, quisan ubiarku zeno niabliterfin biscuwati. == [Then-alas, horse very-old so cannot-work did-it-become.] 40723 [1]

uz - from, out of

Uz saken t'Questia Grimm == [From stories of-Brothers Grimm] 40723 [1]

vamar - farmer (pl: unknown)

Vamar hu quisan hadibi eswa. == [Farmer which horse did-he-have did-exist.] 40723 [1]
Sinche, vamar so paluwabi; "nitiamus doyo tesimi." == [Then-alas, farmer thusly did-he-speak; "nevermore you do-I-want."] 40723 [1]

velus - fox (pl: unknown)

Velus me Quisan == [(The) fox and (the) horse] 40723 [1]

yalifu - loyal

Quisan aki lobitu plusku me yalifu koi vamar biswati. == [Horse this, servant good and loyal for farmer did-it-be.] 40723 [1]

zeno - so that

Sinche, quisan ubiarku zeno niabliterfin biscuwati. == Then alas, the horse became very old so that it could not work. 40723 [1]

English to Madjal Lexicon
(See Madjal lexicon for inflections, if any, and examples of usage.)

alas, sadly - sinche
also, and - me
ancient, very old - ubiarku
and, also- me
be - bis~, es~
become - biscu~
exist - es~
farmer - vamar
food - pochem
fox - velus
from - uz
good - plusku
have, own - ha~
horse - quisan (also arch: quasium, kwasium)
nevermore - nitiamus
old - arku, ubiarku
own, have - ha~
saga - sake
servant - lobitu
so that - zeno
story - sake
tale - sake
then alas - sinche
therefore - quede
thus - quede
un- - ni- prefix
unable - niabli- prefix, ekhi
want, desire, wish to have - tesi~
which, who - hu
who, which - hu

The Raw Corpus of Modern Madjal (2004.07.13 to present)

Clocus reviam! == Stone arise/levitate! 40630 [1]
Djokhane pen fadjo khi pulam. == John caused the torch to ignite. 40630 [3]
Djokhane pen fadjo khi pulam. == John ignited the torch 40630 [3]
Fadjo pulam! == Torch (I command thee to) ignite! 40630 [1]
Gaudio kashadi! == Window (I command thee to) shatter! 40630 [1]
Jon khi pulam fadja. == John caused the torch to ignite. 40630 [2]
Jon khi pulam fadja. == John ignited the torch 40630 [2]
Mari khi me temina. == Mary frightened the demon. 40630 [2]
Mari khi me temina. == Mary made the demon afraid. 40630 [2]
Marie pen temin karkam. == Mary frightened the demon. 40630 [3]
Marie pen temin karkam. == Mary made the demon afraid. 40630 [3]
Purata bolusam! == Door open! 40630 [1]
Purata khi bolusam. == The door opened. 40630 [1]
Temin distari! == Beast/monster cease-to-exist! 40630 [1]
Temin khi lofito == The demon flew away. 40630 [1]
Temin lofito! == Monster fly away! 40630 [1]
Temin pulam! == Monster ignite! 40630 [1]
Ha pen kwasium karkam. == I scared the horse. 40701 [1]
Kwasium to temin karkaman sor. == The horse was frightened by the demon. 40701 [1]
Oolam khi rufito. == The sheep (singular) ran away. 40701 [1]
Oolami ta'Jon turaco khi voriam. == The dragon ate John's sheep (plural). 40701 [1]
Temin okhi thatta Jone distari sor thatta Marie fureviaman sor. == The demon that was destroyed by John was resurrected by Mary. 40701 [4]
Turaco ha disavan. == I slayed the dragon. 40701 [1]
Turaco ha fureviaman. == I resurrected the dragon. 40701 [1]
Fadjo em Jan khi pulam. == John ignited the torch. 40702 [5]
Fadjo em Jan khi pulam. == The torch by John was lit. 40702 [5]
Rekazan temin ako. == Behold/look-at that demon. 40702 [1]
Rekazan terano aki. == Behold/look-at this monster. 40702 [1]
Selad ako e kwesta ta'ha. == That boy is not my brother. 40702 [1]
Selam aki mwana ta'ha. == This girl is my sister. 40702 [1]
Shasha em selam khi kwafan sed myuju em selad khi kwafan. == The girl drank water but the boy drank milk. 40702 [1]
Shasha imkusa, korbun imlago. == Water is wet, sand is dry. 40702 [1]
Temin em Marja khi shostakha. == Mary frightened the demon. 40702 [5]
Temin em Marja khi shostakha. == The demon was frightened by Mary. 40702 [5]
Aki mwana ta'ha selam em pesh? == Is this girl my sister? 40703 [5]
E shakiam. == It is not raining. 40703 [1]
Fadjo mem Jan khi pulam. == John ignited the torches. 40703 [5]
Ha ut kwesta'ha kanida, 'Rekazan poria nasula!' == I shout to my brother, 'Behold the blue flower!' 40703 [1]
Ha ut kwesta ta'ha sisima, 'Rekazan turaco ulana!' == I whisper to my brother, 'Behold the red dragon!' 40703 [1]
I qasium khi rufito. == The horses ran away. 40703 [2]
Igen æra akia? == Do I want this? 40703 [2]
Igen æru akia. == I want this. 40703 [2]
Jon khi pulam i fadja. == John ignited the torches. 40703 [2]
Jon khi pulem fadja? == Did John ignite the torch. 40703 [2]
Mari khi me i temina. == Mary frightened the demons. 40703 [2]
Mari khi mi temina? == Did Mary frighten the demon. 40703 [2]
Marja em temin im khi shokhasta. == Mary was frightened by the demons. 40703 [5]
Mugi'najo khiaki sed mwana'najo e. == His mother is here but his sister is not. 40703 [1]
Mwana'ha me questa'ha khiaki. == My sister and brother are here. 40703 [1]
Mwana ta'ha selam aki em pesh? == Is this girl my sister? 40703 [1]
Oha disavan turaca sor okhi voriam i ulama ta'Jon. == I have killed the dragon that ate John's sheep (plural). 40703 [2]
Qasium khi rufitu? == Did the horse run away? 40703 [2]
Selam aki mwane ta'ha. == Is this girl my sister? 40703 [2]
Shakiam. == It is raining. 40703 [1]
Temin im khi pulam. == The demons were ignited. 40703 [5]
Temin mem Marja khi shokhasta. == Mary firghtened the demons. 40703 [5]
Terano aki karkaman. == This monster is frightened. 40703 [1]
Ulam khi distari. == The sheep stopped being. 40703 [2]
Ulam khi distaro? == Did the sheep stop being. 40703 [2]
Fadja igan khi rekazan. == I see the torch. 40704 [1]
Kaipa tupio unsa khi whali voriam. == We like to eat green cheese. 40704 [1]
Kaipa wayu aki? == What kind of cheese is this? 40704 [1]
Kupana t'clocus unsa ekhi voriam. == We cannot eat stone soup. 40704 [1]
Kupana wayu aki? == What kind of soup is this? 40704 [1]
Oriam 'kaipa.' == Say 'cheese.' 40704 [1]
Turaco lofito igan khi rekazan. == I see the dragon flying away. 40704 [1]
Blen sta blepha staro! == Produce a mushroom out of nothing! 40710 [6]
Blepha av phazaks aki sta gordam! == Turn this goat into a mushroom! 40710 [6]
Khafra aki sta terano av gordam! == Turn this palm tree into a dinosaur! 40710 [6]
Kobi av khafra sta gordam! == Turn the palm tree into a boy! 40710 [6]
Kwasium sta ulam av gordam! == Turn the horse into a sheep! 40710 [6]
Mokhagio ako sta terano av gordam! == Turn that ammonite into a dinosaur! 40710 [6]
Mokhagio staro! == Materialize (manefest) an ammonite! 40710 [6]
Phazaks aki sta blepha av gordam! == Turn this goat into a mushroom! 40710 [6]
Staro e terano! == Do not produce (manefest/materialize) a dinosaur! 40710 [6]
Ulam aki sta phazaks av gordam! == Turn this sheep into a goat! 40710 [6]
Ulam gordam! == heep enchant! 40710 [6]
Ulam sta kwasium av gordam! == Turn the sheep into a horse! 40710 [6]
Ulam sta terano av gordam! == Turn the sheep into a dinosaur! 40710 [6]
Ulam ta'ha sta blen av gordam! == Turn my sheep into nothing! 40710 [6]
'Balnatu tamiu teparniamo.' == ['Stable of-mine you-now-leave.'] 40723 [1]
'Stobe gonjada peliro biscunuyo toche lefu doyo tesinumi.' == ['When strong-as lion you-shall-become then again you I-shall-want.'] 40723 [1]
Akio skolas tamiu es. == [Those books of-mine are.](Those are my books.) 40723 [1]
Enda skolariu ti vealdizi. == [In (the) (public)library it did-she-find.] 40723 [1]
Fadjo puliamo! == Light the torch. 40723 [1]
Fadjo puliti peshu? == Is the torch lit? 40723 [1]
Fadjo pulnuyo peshu? == Will you light the torch? 40723 [1]
Mwana aki selam tamiu esazi peshu? == [Girl this sister of-mine she-is query?] Is this girl my sister? 40723 [1]
Natu tamiu aki es, tadju ako es. == My house is here, yours is there. 40723 [1]
Quede, nitiamus pochem atis tonowabi. == [Thus, nevermore food to-it did-he-give.] 40723 [1]
Quisan aki lobitu plusku me yalifu koi vamar biswati. == [Horse this, servant good and loyal for farmer did-it-be.] 40723 [1]
Rekaziam bal ako! == Look at that animal! 40723 [1]
Sinche, quisan ubiarku zeno niabliterfin biscuwati. == [Then-alas, horse very-old so cannot-work did-it-become.] 40723 [1]
Sinche, vamar so paluwabi; 'nitiamus doyo tesimi.' == [Then-alas, farmer thusly did-he-speak; 'nevermore you do-I-want.'] 40723 [1]
Skola aki osa skolaru tamiu eswa. == This book was from my (own personal) library. 40723 [1]
Skola wayu aki? == What kind of book is this? 40723 [1]
Temin lofiamo! == Demon, fly away! 40723 [1]
Uz saken t'Questia Grimm == [From stories of-Brothers Grimm] 40723 [1]
Vamar hu quisan hadibi eswa. == [Farmer which/who horse did-he-have did-exist.](There once was a farmer who had a horse.) 40723 [1]
Velus me Quisan == [(the) Fox and (the) Horse] 40723 [1]
Blen em teon tamiu tatati. == My cat wears nothing. 40729 [6]
Bushaz em Jon tatabi. == John wears a shirt. 40729 [6]
Clocus aki nezuti zone. == This stone is always sleeping. 40729 [6]
Djegi em Mari tatazi. == Mary wears shoes. 40729 [6]
Djines em mwana tatazi. == The girl wears jeans. 40729 [6]
Fubas e tatati. == It does not wear gloves. 40729 [6]
Fubas em teon tatati peshu? == Does a cat wear gloves? 40729 [6]
Go me ha nezusu. == You and I sleep. 40729 [6]
Go me Jon nezula. == You and John sleep. 40729 [6]
Ha khi kanidam 'Ulam aki sta blen av gordam!' == I shouted: 'Turn this sheep into nothing!' 40729 [6]
Jon me Mari nezupho. == John and Mary sleep. 40729 [6]
Kobi aki kwesta tadju esabi peshu? == Is this boy your brother? 40729 [6]
Kwisan em mokhagio fureviam rekazno karkam. == Watching the ammonite resurrected frightened the horse. 40729 [6]
Kwisan tamiu sta phazaks av gordam! == Turn my horse into a goat! 40729 [6]
Kwogo t'Stevo em karaph t'Sharon rekazam. == Sharon's dog saw Steve's parrot. 40729 [6]
Kwogo t'Stevo em karaph t'Sharon rekazan. == Sharon's dog sees Steve's parrot. 40729 [6]
Lin ona djego em mokhagio tatati. == The ammonite wears only one shoe. 40729 [6]
Mari me ha nezuvu yaude. == Mary and I sleep tonight. 40729 [6]
Mari me ha nezuvu. == Mary and I sleep. 40729 [6]
Mari me Sharon nezupho. == Mary and Sharon sleep. 40729 [6]
Me blen em ulam tatati. == And the sheep wears nothing. 40729 [6]
Me ulam khi distari. == And the sheep stopped being. 40729 [6]
Nezubi. == He sleeps. 40729 [6]
Nezumi. == I sleep. 40729 [6]
Nezuti. == It sleeps. 40729 [6]
Nezuyo. == You sleep. 40729 [6]
Nezuzi. == She sleeps. 40729 [6]
Peliro nezuti yaude. == The lion sleeps tonight. 40729 [6]
Peliro zubiamo! == Lion, bite! 40729 [6]
Phazaks tadju aki nezuti. == Your goat sleeps here. 40729 [6]
Poikes em kobi tatabi. == The boy wears shorts. 40729 [6]
Quisan nidunamus, tolomus mazau, abula blazaki me blazako benatre polesta antrediti quen fertiamo djivaz, lofisa me shakia dreas vealwati. == [Horse that-was-unfortunate, that-was-melancholy much, upon this-place and that-place within the-wood it-did-wander for-purpose shelter-from cold, wind, and rain attempt it-did-find.] 40729 [1]
Sendara, velus demaditi, == [soon, fox he-did-met,] 40729 [1]
Sharon nezuzi. == Sharon sleeps. 40729 [6]
Sinche, purata em vamar boluswabi mekhi quisan osakwabi. == [Then-alas, door did farmer he-did-open and horse he-did-release/set-free.] 40729 [1]
Teon em Jon hadezi, phe ulam em Mari hadezi. == John has a cat, but Mary has a sheep. 40729 [6]
Teon em Mari hadezi, phe karaph em Sharon hadezi. == Mary has a cat, but Sharon has a dog. 40729 [6]
Teonilh em mwana hadezi. == The girl has a kitten. 40729 [6]
tium so paluwati; 'Trusila, pwako feum'nago? == [it thus it-did-speak; 'friend, from-wither your-grief?' 40729 [1]
Turaco lofiamo! == Dragon, fly away! 40729 [6]
Tzepho staro! == Hat manifest! 40729 [6]
Tzepho tatami. == I wear a hat. 40729 [6]
Ulam em peliro zubito. == The lion bit the sheep. 40729 [6]
Ulamilh em Mari hawazi. == Mary had a lamb. 40729 [6]
Vafra em Jon me Stevo tatapho. == John and Steve wear ties. 40729 [6]
Wasar em Mari me Sharon tatapho. == Mary and Sharon wear blouses. 40729 [6]
Zatas em Sharon me ha tatavu. == Sharon and I wear sandals. 40729 [6]
Zavoses em go me ha tatasu. == You and I wear pants. 40729 [6]
Zavoses tatayo. == You wear pants. 40729 [6]
Zinko em go me Jon tatala. == You and John wear belts. 40729 [6]
Balnatu enda phazaks nezwati. == The goat slept in the stable. 40730 [6]
Bokoks vazuyo. == You drive a truck. 40730 [6]
Corvette em mwaja vazuzi. == The girl drives a Corvette. 40730 [6]
Djines tadju enda nezwayo peshu? == Did you sleep in your jeans? 40730 [6]
Juka em ha vazumi. == I drive a car. 40730 [6]
Juka vazumi. == I drive a car. 40730 [6]
Khafra enda kwogo nezwati. == The parrot slept in the palm tree. 40730 [6]
Khukh em selam tadju vazwazi. == Your sister drove a train. 40730 [6]
Korbun enda djip em Mari me ha vazwavu. == Mary and I drove the jeep in the sand. 40730 [6]
Korbun enda yisha nezwazi. == The woman slept in the sand. 40730 [6]
Mazda em kobi vazubi. == The boy drives a Mazda. 40730 [6]
Miyiro em Jon me Sharon vazwapho. == John and Sharon drove/flew an airplane. 40730 [6]
Nuya fadjo em pulnumi. == Tomorrow I will light the torch. 40730 [6]
Porshe em kwesta tamiu vazwabi. == My brother drove a Porsche. 40730 [6]
Pupo aki em avi vazubi zone. == The man always drives this bus. 40730 [6]
Pupo em yisha vazuzi yaude peshu? == Does the woman drive the bus tonight? 40730 [6]
Pupo vazwayo. == You drove a bus. 40730 [6]
Shasha enda avi nezwabi. == The man slept in the water. 40730 [6]
Skolariu enda ulam nezuti zone. == The sheep always sleeps in the library. 40730 [6]
Waya go me ha nezwasu. == Yesterday you and I slept. 40730 [6]
Waya nezwami. == Yesterday I slept. 40730 [6]
Yaude juka enda nezumi. == Tonight I sleep in the car. 40730 [6]

The Raw Corpus of Old Madjal (2004.07.07 to 2004.07.12)

Ulam ta'ha sta blen av gordam! == Turn my sheep into nothing! 40710 [6]
Ulam sta terano av gordam! == Turn the sheep into a dinosaur! 40710 [6]
Ulam sta kwasium av gordam! == Turn the sheep into a horse! 40710 [6]
Ulam gordam! == Sheep enchant! 40710 [6]
Ulam aki sta phazaks av gordam! == Turn this sheep into a goat! 40710 [6]
Staro e terano! == Do not produce (manefest/materialize) a dinosaur! 40710 [6]
Phazaks aki sta blepha av gordam! == Turn this goat into a mushroom! 40710 [6]
Mokhagio staro! == Materialize (manefest) an ammonite! 40710 [6]
Mokhagio ako sta terano av gordam! == Turn that ammonite into a dinosaur! 40710 [6]
Kwasium sta ulam av gordam! == Turn the horse into a sheep! 40710 [6]
Kobi av khafra sta gordam! == Turn the palm tree into a boy! 40710 [6]
Khafra aki sta terano av gordam! == Turn this palm tree into a dinosaur! 40710 [6]
Blepha av phazaks aki sta gordam! == Turn this goat into a mushroom! 40710 [6]
Blen sta blepha staro! == Produce a mushroom out of nothing! 40710 [6]

The Raw Corpus of Ancient Madjal (Prior to 2004.07.07)

Aki mwana ta'ha selam em pesh? == Is this girl my sister? 40703 [5]
Clocus reviam! == Stone arise/levitate! 40630 [1]
Djokhane pen fadjo khi pulam. == John caused the torch to ignite. 40630 [3]
Djokhane pen fadjo khi pulam. == John ignited the torch 40630 [3]
E shakiamo. == It is not raining. 40703 [1]
Fadja igan khi rekazan. == I see the torch. 40704 [1]
Fadjo em Jan khi pulam. == John ignited the torch. 40702 [5]
Fadjo em Jan khi pulam. == The torch by John was lit. 40702 [5]
Fadjo mem Jan khi pulam. == John ignited the torches. 40703 [5]
Fadjo pulam! == Torch (I command thee to) ignite! 40630 [1]
Gaudio kashadi! == Window (I command thee to) shatter! 40630 [1]
Ha pen kwasium karkam. == I scared the horse. 40701 [1]
Ha ut kwesta'ha kanida, 'Rekazan poria nasula!' == I shout to my brother, 'Behold the blue flower!' 40703 [1]
Ha ut kwesta ta'ha sisima, 'Rekazan turaco ulana!' == I whisper to my brother, 'Behold the red dragon!' 40703 [1]
I qasium khi rufito. == The horses ran away. 40703 [2]
Igen æra akia? == Do I want this? 40703 [2]
Jon khi pulam fadja. == John caused the torch to ignite. 40630 [2]
Jon khi pulam i fadja. == John ignited the torches. 40703 [2]
Jon khi pulem fadja? == Did John ignite the torch. 40703 [2]
Kaipa tupio unsa khi whali voriam. == We like to eat green cheese. 40704 [1]
Kaipa wayu aki? == What kind of cheese is this? 40704 [1]
Kupana t'clocus unsa ekhi voriam. == We cannot eat stone soup. 40704 [1]
Kupana wayu aki? == What kind of soup is this? 40704 [1]
Kwasium to temin karkaman sor. == The horse was frightened by the demon. 40701 [1]
Mari khi me i temina. == Mary frightened the demons. 40703 [2]
Mari khi mi temina? == Did Mary frighten the demon. 40703 [2]
Marie pen temin karkam. == Mary frightened the demon. 40630 [3]
Marie pen temin karkam. == Mary made the demon afraid. 40630 [3]
Marja em temin im khi shokhasta. == Mary was frightened by the demons. 40703 [5]
Mugi'najo khiaki sed mwana'najo e. == His mother is here but his sister is not. 40703 [1]
Mwana'ha me questa'ha khiaki. == My sister and brother are here. 40703 [1]
Mwana ta'ha selam aki em pesh? == Is this girl my sister? 40703 [1]
Oha disavan turaca sor okhi voriam i ulama ta'Jon. == I have killed the dragon that ate John's sheep (plural). 40703 [2]
Oolam khi rufito. == The sheep (singular) ran away. 40701 [1]
Oolami ta'Jon turaco khi voriam. == The dragon ate John's sheep (plural). 40701 [1]
Oriam 'kaipa.' == Say 'cheese.' 40704 [1]
Purata bolusam! == Door open! 40630 [1]
Purata khi bolusam. == The door opened. 40630 [1]
Qasium khi rufitu? == Did the horse run away? 40703 [2]
Rekazan temin ako. == Behold/look-at that demon. 40702 [1]
Rekazan terano aki. == Behold/look-at this monster. 40702 [1]
Selad ako e kwesta ta'ha. == That boy is not my brother. 40702 [1]
Selam aki mwana ta'ha. == This girl is my sister. 40702 [1]
Selam aki mwane ta'ha? == Is this girl my sister? 40703 [2]
Shakiamo. == It is raining. 40703 [1]
Shasha em selam khi kwafan sed myuju em selad khi kwafan. == The girl drank water but the boy drank milk. 40702 [1]
Shasha imkusa, korbun imlago. == Water is wet, sand is dry. 40702 [1]
Temin distari! == Beast/monster cease-to-exist! 40630 [1]
Temin em Marja khi shostakha. == Mary frightened the demon. 40702 [5]
Temin em Marja khi shostakha. == The demon was frightened by Mary. 40702 [5]
Temin im khi pulam. == The demons were ignited. 40703 [5]
Temin khi lofito == The demon flew away. 40630 [1]
Temin lofito! == Monster fly away! 40630 [1]
Temin mem Marja khi shokhasta. == Mary firghtened the demons. 40703 [5]
Temin okhi thatta Jone distari sor thatta Marie fureviaman sor. == The demon that was destroyed by John was resurrected by Mary. 40701 [4]
Temin pulam! == Monster ignite! 40630 [1]
Terano aki karkaman. == This monster is frightened. 40703 [1]
Turaco ha disavan. == I slayed the dragon. 40701 [1]
Turaco ha fureviaman. == I resurrected the dragon. 40701 [1]
Turaco lofito igan khi rekazan. == I see the dragon flying away. 40704 [1]
Ulam khi distari. == The sheep stopped being. 40703 [2]
Ulam khi distaro? == Did the sheep stop being. 40703 [2]